This code how to pass the variable using Themename_preprocess_page and themename_preprocess_html
<?php
/* This Function in theme file of drupal8 go to theme/YOURTHEME file on root you will get your_theme_name.theme file then add is code inside the perprocess_page function if you call theme all variable in html.html.twig file you have to add code inside YOURTHEMENAME_preprocess_html(&$variables) {} then you can render all code in html.html.twig file
*/
function YOUR_THEME_NAME_preprocess_page(&$variables) {
/* this code is how to print texonomy term */
$vid = 'tags';
$terms =\Drupal::entityTypeManager()->getStorage('taxonomy_term')->loadTree($vid);
/*This $variables['all_term'] this variable call in twig file using following syntax {{ all_term }} */
$variables['all_term']=$terms;
/* this code is how to print main menu */
$menu_name = 'main';
$storage = \Drupal::entityManager()->getStorage('menu_link_content');
$menu_links = $storage->loadByProperties(['menu_name' => $menu_name]);
/* This code show how to print single menu link */
$variables['main_menu_item_title']=$menu_links[5]->title->value;
$variables['main_menu_item_url']=$menu_links[5]->link->uri;
$main_menu_item_url=explode(':', $variables['main_menu_item_url']);
$variables['menu_item_url']=$main_menu_item_url[1];
/* This code show how to print base url in twig file */
$variables['base_path'] = base_path();
}
?>
<!-- Following code call single menu item and this single menu item of submenu are taxonomy term.-->
<ul id="navigation">
<a class="mobile-menu__link --more" href="{{ base_path }}{{ menu_item_url }}">{{ main_menu_item_title }}</a>
{% for item in all_term %}
<li><a href="{{ base_path}}taxonomy/term/{{ item.tid }}">{{ item.name }}</a></li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
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